Unobtrusive JavaScript: Auto-Clear and Restore Multiple Form Inputs on Focus

In an effort to organize my pile of offline notes, I will be posting a number of quick, “to-the-point” tutorials on a number of useful topics. In this post, I share an excellent method for auto-clearing and restoring multiple form field inputs using a bit of unobtrusive JavaScript. This method was discovered at xy.wz.cz. There are two steps to this technique, which should take no longer than five minutes to implement.

Step 1: Prepare the Form

Begin by preparing your form as you would like it to function without JavaScript. For example, you may have a comment form that looks something like this:

<form>
	<fieldset>
		<label for="author">Name</label>
		<input type="text" name="author" id="author" value="Name" />
		
		<label for="email">Email</label>
		<input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="Email" />

		<label for="website">Website</label>
		<input type="text" name="url" id="url" value="Website" />

		<label for="comment">Comment</label>
		<textarea id="comment" name="comment"></textarea>

		<input id="submit" name="submit" type="submit" value="Submit" />
	</fieldset>
</form>

Make sure that each of the form inputs has a type value of text. That’s all we need to do to prepare the form. To summarize this first step, any form inputs with at least the following attributes will work just fine with the auto-clear/restore script:

<input type="text" value="Name" />
<input type="text" value="Email" />
<input type="text" value="Site" />

Step 2: Add the JavaScript

In a file named “autoclear.js” (or whatever), add the following slice of JavaScript:

function init(){
	var inp = document.getElementsByTagName('input');
	for(var i = 0; i < inp.length; i++) {
		if(inp[i].type == 'text') {
			inp[i].setAttribute('rel',inp[i].defaultValue)
			inp[i].onfocus = function() {
				if(this.value == this.getAttribute('rel')) {
					this.value = '';
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
			inp[i].onblur = function() {
				if(this.value == '') {
					this.value = this.getAttribute('rel');
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
			inp[i].ondblclick = function() {
				this.value = this.getAttribute('rel')
			}
		}
	}
}
if(document.childNodes) {
	window.onload = init
}

And then call it from your (X)HTML document (the one containing the form):

<script src="autoclear.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

Alternately, the script may be placed in the head section of the (X)HTML document that includes the form. Also, to improve performance, you may want to compress the script using an online JavaScript compressor.

Once everything is in place, upload and check it out. Everything should work great, even in good ol’ IE 6! ;)

Styling Forms

For more help creating, styling and enhancing your (X)HTML forms, check out Chris Coyier’s excellent CSS-Tricks article Tips For Creating Great Web Forms.

Autoclear Demo

About the Author

Jeff Starr = Creative thinker. Passionate about free and open Web.