htaccess Combo Pack: WordPress Permalinks and non-www Redirect

♦ Posted by Jeff Starr in .htaccess, WordPress

Updated July 9, 2018 • 34 comments

WordPress users employing permalinks via htaccess to optimize their dynamic URLs transform complicated-looking links such as:

http://example.com/blog/index.php?page=33

..into search-engine friendly links such as:

http://example.com/blog/post-title/

Every rewritten URL relies on a common set of htaccess rules to transform the links. The htaccess rules for all WordPress permalinks look like this for root WP installations:

# BEGIN WordPress
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</ifmodule>
# END WordPress

..and like this for subdirectory WP installations:

# BEGIN WordPress
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /subdirectory/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /subdirectory/index.php [L]
</ifmodule>
# END WordPress

Unfortunately, although this default htaccess code affects all WordPress-generated URLs, it does not take into consideration the basic canonicalization issue of the infamous www prefix.

As visitors navigate through your WordPress-powered site, each and every page is accessible via at least two (and probably several more) distinctly different URL addresses: one with the www prefix and one without.

This of course presents duplicate content issues that tend to lower the ranking effectiveness of your pages. Fortunately, it is relatively easy to eliminate duplicate content generated via identical www and non-www content.

Given the previously defined, default WordPress htaccess rules for permalinks, simply insert the following code after the line RewriteEngine On:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

So, to clarify, let’s say your WordPress installation is located in the root html directory of your domain. In this case, replace the default permalink htaccess code with this:

WordPress installed in site root

# BEGIN WordPress
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</ifmodule>
# END WordPress

Now, all visitors will be directed to the non-www version of the permalink URL for your pages. Similarly, when your blog is installed in a subdirectory of the html root, replace the default code with this:

WordPress installed in subdirectory

# BEGIN WordPress
<ifmodule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.tld/subdirectory/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /subdirectory/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /subdirectory/index.php [L]
</ifmodule>
# END WordPress

This code will ensure that all pages within the subdirectory are served with non-www permalinks. To rewrite all pages above the subdirectory level, such as pages located “above” the blog in the root html directory, add a copy of the following code to your site’s root htaccess file:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

One final note: if you would rather employ the www-versions of your site’s pages as the official canonicalized URLs, replace these two lines:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

..with these:

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain\.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

And that should do it. With our new and improved WordPress permalink rules, we eliminate duplicate content, serve search-engine friendly permalinks, and thus preserve more link equity and SEO value for our pages. Nice! ;)

About the Author

Jeff Starr = Web Developer. Book Author. Secretly Important.

34 responses to “htaccess Combo Pack: WordPress Permalinks and non-www Redirect”

Louis 2007/10/01 12:11 pm

I have a good and a bad new for you.

The bad new is that this method obsolete.

The good new is that this method has been made absolete by the new WordPress 2.3, which takes care of the canonical URL automatically.

Indeed, your work is still useful and pedagogic, but it’s important to know that the last WP does it internally.

This said, i want to thank you for the nofollow serie you wrote. It must’ve taken a lot of time, so thanks for sharing this with us !

Perishable 2007/10/01 1:35 pm • Post Author

Yes, I recall reading that WordPress 2.3 incorporates this functionality by default. However, I have to disagree that such implementation renders obsolete the information presented in this article. There are many people running WordPress versions less than 2.3, and for them, this htaccess technique may indeed prove useful. Nonetheless, it is very thoughtful of you to point this information out to us, and your kind remarks concerning the no-nofollow/dofollow series are appreciated as well. Thanks for the feedback! ;)

Louis 2007/10/01 10:33 pm

Also, before switching to 2.3, I used the no-www plugin by the wordpress creator Matt him-self.

http://photomatt.net/2006/06/13/wordpress-no-www/

It did the job very well.

Jim Spencer 2007/10/25 2:32 pm

Curious.

I copied this:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
# END WordPress

And when I visit the www version or the non www version the URL stays the same as I typed it. If I click on links, the URL never shows the www.

I switched the code example and it performs exactly the same.

Where else should I be looking?

Jim Spencer 2007/10/25 2:46 pm

I found another string, replaced it, and it works for me. I hope it helps someone else too.

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^jbspartners.tld$ [NC]
#RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.jbspartners.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

#RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.jbspartners.com
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.jbspartners.com/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# END WordPress

Perishable 2007/10/28 4:15 pm • Post Author

Interesting, Jim — Thanks for sharing this with us. I have heard of certain browsers not displaying the redirected URL in the address bar under certain situations. When this happens, an easy way to verify that the page redirected as intended is to check the URL of any image (background or otherwise). If the image shows the redirected URL, there is nothing to worry about from an SEO perspective, however getting the address bar to display the redirected URL may be necessary as well. If your suggested htaccess code does the trick, then more power to you. In any case, thanks again for sharing this information — it is greatly appreciated!

Perishable 2007/10/31 1:20 pm • Post Author

Yes, I realize that you were not addressing browser deficiencies, but these are widely used rewrite rules that are known to work effectively on virtually every compatible system. The reason I mention browser address fields specifically is that it is not uncommon for the rewrite to have taken effect at the server level, but not indicated as such by the address bar. The point being that the additional set of rewrite directives may not be necessary, unless of course you want your visitors to actually see the correct URL in their browser. Bottom line: if you verified the ineffectiveness of the rewrite rules at the server level (and not just via the browser), then by all means, add the extra lines and have at it. Otherwise, you may want to check again — the extra directives may prove unnecessary.

As for the order in which htaccess directives (and especially rewrite rules) are specified and processed, that would be an emphatic “yes!” — it is absolutely critical that every jot and tittle follow a precise chronological order in order to function as intended. Although there are a few exceptions, in my experience proper ordering is critical.

Jim Spencer 2007/10/31 12:37 pm

I didn’t mean to blame the browser, I was describing the effect of the changes.

No conclusion yet, but it does seem that the order each line is written down the page is important. It’s not Latin where word order doesn’t matter.

Is that your experience as well?

Jim Spencer 2007/11/26 9:08 pm

One thing that may not be clear from my post is that the first rule is commented out. So, there is really only one. I noticed this later, but it was already posted.

My blog had an operation tonight and now the code does not work. It resolves to the non-www. instead. Any suggestions for me? Here is what is in place now.

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine on

#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.jbspartners.com
#RewriteRule (.*) http://www.jbspartners.com/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9} /index.php HTTP/
RewriteRule ^index.php$ http://www.jbspartners.com/ [R=301,L]

RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# END WordPress

Dubai Property Blogger 2007/12/27 8:20 am

Excellent page. I’m still having some problems with my .htaccess but getting there. This place has helped a lot. Thanks!

WWW Redirect 2008/10/17 2:47 am

Usually it is a good idea to put the .htaccess file in the root directory. If you are worried about different names causing duplicate content issues or other things, the same concern exists with URLs outside of the blog too.

Louis (@3), using a plugin is overkill. It increases the server load unnecessarily. If you can, stay away from it.

I’ve written 301 redirect configuration code for Apache, lighttpd and nginx for www redirection to non-wwd vice versa.

http://blogbuildingu.com/articles/www-redirect-right-way

–Hendry

Bill Hazelton 2009/02/17 6:05 pm

I tried implementing the code above and I’m having a little trouble with it.

I have the permanent 301 redirect in place redirecting non-www to www URL versions in the root domain. The problem is in the blog which is a sub-domain lying underneath the root.

The redirects work properly at the root level, but for the blog sub-directory I’m still getting the non-www duped pages.

I want to redirect the non-www blog URL’s to the www versions but after implementing your code here in my WordPress .htaccess file it’s still not working properly for me:

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld/subdirectory/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /subdirectory/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /subdirectory/index.php [L]

# END WordPress

I want to redirect from mydomain.com/blog to http://www.mydomain.com/blog. The code above seems to be redirecting to root URL instead of the blog sub-directory.

Any suggestions?

Comments are closed for this post. Something to add? Let me know.

Louis 2007/10/01 12:11 pm

I have a good and a bad new for you.

The bad new is that this method obsolete.

The good new is that this method has been made absolete by the new WordPress 2.3, which takes care of the canonical URL automatically.

Indeed, your work is still useful and pedagogic, but it’s important to know that the last WP does it internally.

This said, i want to thank you for the nofollow serie you wrote. It must’ve taken a lot of time, so thanks for sharing this with us !
Perishable 2007/10/01 1:35 pm • Post Author

Yes, I recall reading that WordPress 2.3 incorporates this functionality by default. However, I have to disagree that such implementation renders obsolete the information presented in this article. There are many people running WordPress versions less than 2.3, and for them, this htaccess technique may indeed prove useful. Nonetheless, it is very thoughtful of you to point this information out to us, and your kind remarks concerning the no-nofollow/dofollow series are appreciated as well. Thanks for the feedback! ;)
Louis 2007/10/01 10:33 pm

Also, before switching to 2.3, I used the no-www plugin by the wordpress creator Matt him-self.

http://photomatt.net/2006/06/13/wordpress-no-www/

It did the job very well.
Jim Spencer 2007/10/25 2:32 pm

Curious.

I copied this:

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
# END WordPress

And when I visit the www version or the non www version the URL stays the same as I typed it. If I click on links, the URL never shows the www.

I switched the code example and it performs exactly the same.

Where else should I be looking?
Jim Spencer 2007/10/25 2:46 pm

I found another string, replaced it, and it works for me. I hope it helps someone else too.

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On
#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^jbspartners.tld$ [NC]
#RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.jbspartners.tld/$1 [R=301,L]

#RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.jbspartners.com
RewriteRule (.*) http://www.jbspartners.com/$1 [R=301,L]

RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# END WordPress
Perishable 2007/10/28 4:15 pm • Post Author

Interesting, Jim — Thanks for sharing this with us. I have heard of certain browsers not displaying the redirected URL in the address bar under certain situations. When this happens, an easy way to verify that the page redirected as intended is to check the URL of any image (background or otherwise). If the image shows the redirected URL, there is nothing to worry about from an SEO perspective, however getting the address bar to display the redirected URL may be necessary as well. If your suggested htaccess code does the trick, then more power to you. In any case, thanks again for sharing this information — it is greatly appreciated!
Perishable 2007/10/31 1:20 pm • Post Author

Yes, I realize that you were not addressing browser deficiencies, but these are widely used rewrite rules that are known to work effectively on virtually every compatible system. The reason I mention browser address fields specifically is that it is not uncommon for the rewrite to have taken effect at the server level, but not indicated as such by the address bar. The point being that the additional set of rewrite directives may not be necessary, unless of course you want your visitors to actually see the correct URL in their browser. Bottom line: if you verified the ineffectiveness of the rewrite rules at the server level (and not just via the browser), then by all means, add the extra lines and have at it. Otherwise, you may want to check again — the extra directives may prove unnecessary.

As for the order in which htaccess directives (and especially rewrite rules) are specified and processed, that would be an emphatic “yes!” — it is absolutely critical that every jot and tittle follow a precise chronological order in order to function as intended. Although there are a few exceptions, in my experience proper ordering is critical.
Jim Spencer 2007/10/31 12:37 pm

I didn’t mean to blame the browser, I was describing the effect of the changes.

No conclusion yet, but it does seem that the order each line is written down the page is important. It’s not Latin where word order doesn’t matter.

Is that your experience as well?
Jim Spencer 2007/11/26 9:08 pm

One thing that may not be clear from my post is that the first rule is commented out. So, there is really only one. I noticed this later, but it was already posted.

My blog had an operation tonight and now the code does not work. It resolves to the non-www. instead. Any suggestions for me? Here is what is in place now.

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine on

#RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www.jbspartners.com
#RewriteRule (.*) http://www.jbspartners.com/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9} /index.php HTTP/
RewriteRule ^index.php$ http://www.jbspartners.com/ [R=301,L]

RewriteBase /
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

# END WordPress
Dubai Property Blogger 2007/12/27 8:20 am

Excellent page. I’m still having some problems with my .htaccess but getting there. This place has helped a lot. Thanks!
WWW Redirect 2008/10/17 2:47 am

Usually it is a good idea to put the .htaccess file in the root directory. If you are worried about different names causing duplicate content issues or other things, the same concern exists with URLs outside of the blog too.

Louis (@3), using a plugin is overkill. It increases the server load unnecessarily. If you can, stay away from it.

I’ve written 301 redirect configuration code for Apache, lighttpd and nginx for www redirection to non-wwd vice versa.

http://blogbuildingu.com/articles/www-redirect-right-way

–Hendry
Bill Hazelton 2009/02/17 6:05 pm

I tried implementing the code above and I’m having a little trouble with it.

I have the permanent 301 redirect in place redirecting non-www to www URL versions in the root domain. The problem is in the blog which is a sub-domain lying underneath the root.

The redirects work properly at the root level, but for the blog sub-directory I’m still getting the non-www duped pages.

I want to redirect the non-www blog URL’s to the www versions but after implementing your code here in my WordPress .htaccess file it’s still not working properly for me:

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^domain.tld$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld/subdirectory/$1 [R=301,L]
RewriteBase /subdirectory/
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /subdirectory/index.php [L]

# END WordPress

I want to redirect from mydomain.com/blog to http://www.mydomain.com/blog. The code above seems to be redirecting to root URL instead of the blog sub-directory.

Any suggestions?

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